Chrysothallite is a rare secondary mineral found in high-temperature fumaroles of volcanic systems. It typically occurs as delicate, bright green to yellow-green platy crystals or thin crusts associated with other exotic copper-bearing chlorides and selenites.

Hardness
~3
Mohs
Luster
Vitreous
Streak
Yellow
Transparency
Transparent

Is this chrysothallite?

5-step field check

Run through these checks against the specimen in your hand. The more boxes tick, the more confident the ID.

  • 1
    Test the hardness
    Try to scratch chrysothallite with a known reference. Chrysothallite sits at Mohs ~3, softer than the next harder reference, harder than the previous one.
  • 2
    Check the streak
    Drag the specimen across an unglazed porcelain plate. Streak: yellow.
  • 3
    Read the luster
    Hold the specimen under a strong light. Luster: vitreous.
  • 4
    Match the color range
    Compare against the expected color range: bright golden-yellow.
  • 5
    Look at form & habit
    Crystal system: tetragonal. Typical habit: platy crystals, crusts.

Often confused with

Chrysothallite vs. its common look-alikes, and how to tell them apart in the field.

Often found alongside chrysothallite

Minerals reported to co-occur with chrysothallite. Spotting these in float or country rock is a strong cue you are in the right ground.

All properties

Chemical formula
K₆Cu₆TlCl₁₇(OH)₄·H₂O
Mohs hardness
~3
Density
2.95 g/cm³
Colors
Bright golden-yellow
Streak
Yellow
Luster
Vitreous
Transparency
Transparent
Crystal system
Tetragonal
Crystal habit
Platy crystals, crusts
Cleavage
None
Rarity
Rare
Uses
Collector
Host rock
Formed by the interactions among high-temperature sublimate minerals, fumarolic gas and atmospheric water vapor at temperatures not higher than 150 °C

Where rockhounds find chrysothallite

Classic worldwide localities

  • Glavnaya Tenoritovaya and Pyatno fumaroles, Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

Field-hunting tip

Where it forms: Formed by the interactions among high-temperature sublimate minerals, fumarolic gas and atmospheric water vapor at temperatures not higher than 150 °C. If you start seeing belloite, avdoninite, chlorothionite in float, you are in the right ground. Typical habit: platy crystals, crusts. Train your eye for that shape before scanning the outcrop.

Common questions

How do you identify chrysothallite?+
Mohs hardness is ~3. Luster: vitreous. The streak is yellow. Common colors include bright golden-yellow.
Where is chrysothallite found?+
Notable localities include Glavnaya Tenoritovaya and Pyatno fumaroles, Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia.
Is chrysothallite safe to handle?+
Chrysothallite contains copper and thallium and calls for real care. Contains copper and selenium; handle with care and avoid inhalation of dust or ingestion. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
What rocks look like chrysothallite?+
Chrysothallite is most often confused with Euchlorine, Chlorothionite. A quick hardness test and a streak check separate the look-alikes faster than color alone.
What minerals are found with chrysothallite?+
Chrysothallite commonly co-occurs with Belloite, Avdoninite, Chlorothionite, Sanguite, Eriochalcite, Mitscherlichite. Spotting any of these in float or country rock is a useful trip signal.
What kind of rock does chrysothallite form in?+
Where it forms: Formed by the interactions among high-temperature sublimate minerals, fumarolic gas and atmospheric water vapor at temperatures not higher than 150 °C. Working float back to the host body is the standard way to chase a fresh occurrence.
What is chrysothallite used for?+
Chrysothallite is used in collector.

Find chrysothallite on the map

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