Gemstone rocks & minerals
Gemstones are minerals or organic materials that are cut, polished, or otherwise prized for ornamental use. Most are valued for color, clarity, hardness, and rarity.
Field tip: Hardness above 7 keeps stones from scratching in everyday wear — useful when matching a setting to a stone.
96 gemstones in this encyclopedia.
Alexandriteraregemstone · Mohs 8.5emerald green, red, purplish-red
Amethystcommongemstone · Mohs 7purple, violet, lavender
Ametrineuncommongemstone · Mohs 7yellow, purple, violet
Aquamarineuncommongemstone · Mohs 7.5-8blue, blue-green, green-blue- No imageArizona Ruby Garnetcommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5red, deep red
Aventurinecommongemstone · Mohs 6.5-7green, red, brown
Black Diamondraregemstone · Mohs 10black, dark gray
Black Opalraregemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5black, dark gray- No imageBlue Berylcommongemstone · Mohs 7.5-8blue, blue-green, light blue
- No imageBlue Corundumuncommongemstone · Mohs 9blue, violet-blue, greenish-blue
- No imageBlue Moonstonecommongemstone · Mohs 6-6.5blue, white, colorless
Blue Sapphirecommongemstone · Mohs 9blue, violet-blue, greenish-blue
Blue Topazcommongemstone · Mohs 8blue, sky blue, swiss blue
Boulder Opaluncommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5black, white, gray- No imageBrown Sapphirecommongemstone · Mohs 9brown, golden brown, reddish brown
- No imageBrown Zirconcommongemstone · Mohs 7.5brown, reddish-brown, yellowish-brown
- No imageCantera Opalcommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5orange, red, yellow
Cat's Eye Chrysoberylraregemstone · Mohs 8.5yellow, greenish-yellow, brownish-green
Cat's Eye Quartzuncommongemstone · Mohs 7gray, yellow, green- No imageChevron Amethystcommongemstone · Mohs 7purple, white, violet
- No imageChlorastroliteraregemstone · Mohs 5-6green, bluish-green
Chrome Diopsideuncommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5vivid green, emerald green
Chrysopraseuncommongemstone · Mohs 6.5-7apple green, emerald green
Citrinecommongemstone · Mohs 7yellow, golden-yellow, amber
Citrine Geodecommongemstone · Mohs 7yellow, orange, brownish-yellow- No imageClear Topazcommongemstone · Mohs 8colorless, white
- No imageColor Change Garnetraregemstone · Mohs 7-7.5blue, green, purple
- No imageCrystal Opalraregemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5white, black, colorless
Diamondcommongemstone · Mohs 10colorless, yellow, brown
Ellensburg Blueraregemstone · Mohs 7blue, violet-blue, cornflower blue
Ellensburg Blue Agateraregemstone · Mohs 6.5-7blue, cornflower blue, violet-blue
Emeraldraregemstone · Mohs 7.5-8green, bluish-green, yellowish-green
Fire Agateuncommongemstone · Mohs 6.5-7red, brown, orange
Fire Opaluncommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5red, orange, yellow- No imageGemstonesuncommongemstone · Mohs 1-10various
Golden Beryluncommongemstone · Mohs 7.5-8yellow, golden yellow, yellow-green
Goshenitecommongemstone · Mohs 7.5-8colorless, white- No imageGreen Beryluncommongemstone · Mohs 7.5-8green, yellowish-green, bluish-green
- No imageGreen Elbaite Tourmalinecommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5green, yellow-green, blue-green
Green Garnetraregemstone · Mohs 6.5-7.5green, yellow-green, emerald-green
Green Quartzuncommongemstone · Mohs 7green, leek-green, yellow-green- No imageGreen Sapphirecommongemstone · Mohs 9green, yellow-green, blue-green
Green Tourmalinecommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5green, yellow-green, blue-green
Hiddeniteraregemstone · Mohs 6.5-7yellowish-green, emerald-green
Indicoliteuncommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5blue, indigo, blue-green
Kummeriteraregemstone · Mohs 9pink, violet, lavender
Kunziteuncommongemstone · Mohs 6.5-7pink, violet, lilac
Larimarraregemstone · Mohs 4.5-5blue, white, greenish-blue
London Blue Topazcommongemstone · Mohs 8dark blue, blue- No imageMagnesiotaaffeite-2N’2Sraregemstone · Mohs 8-8.5colorless, lavender, mauve
Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3Sraregemstone · Mohs 8-8.5colorless, lavender, mauve
Mali Garnetuncommongemstone · Mohs 6.5-7.5yellow, green, brown
Mandarin Garnetraregemstone · Mohs 7-7.5orange, reddish-orange- No imageMatrix Opalcommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5multicolored, brown, black
Mexican Opaluncommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5orange, red, yellow
Moonstonecommongemstone · Mohs 6white, colorless, blue
Morganiteuncommongemstone · Mohs 7.5-8pink, peach, rose-pink- No imageMystic Topazcommongemstone · Mohs 8rainbow, multicolored
- No imageOrange Zirconuncommongemstone · Mohs 7.5orange, reddish-orange, brownish-orange
Oregon Sunstoneuncommongemstone · Mohs 6-6.5yellow, red, green
Padparadscha Sapphireraregemstone · Mohs 9pinkish-orange, orangey-pink, salmon
Paraiba Tourmalineraregemstone · Mohs 7-7.5neon blue, neon green, violet
Peridotcommongemstone · Mohs 6.5-7olive-green, yellow-green, lime-green- No imagePeruvian Blue Opaluncommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5blue, teal, blue-green
- No imagePink Beryluncommongemstone · Mohs 7.5-8pink, peach, magenta
Pink Corundumuncommongemstone · Mohs 9pink, magenta
Pink Sapphireraregemstone · Mohs 9pink- No imagePink Tourmalineuncommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5pink, magenta, rose
Poudretteiteraregemstone · Mohs 5pink, colorless, purple
Precious Opalraregemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5white, black, blue- No imagePurple Garnetraregemstone · Mohs 6.5-7.5purple, violet, reddish-purple
- No imagePyrope Garnetcommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5deep red, purplish-red, reddish-orange
- No imageRainbow Moonstonecommongemstone · Mohs 6-6.5white, colorless, blue
Red Berylraregemstone · Mohs 7.5-8red, raspberry-red
Rhodolitecommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5pink, red, purple
Rose Quartzcommongemstone · Mohs 7pink, rose-red
Rubelliteuncommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5pink, red, magenta
Rubyraregemstone · Mohs 9red
Rutilated Quartzcommongemstone · Mohs 7clear, white, smoky
Sapphirecommongemstone · Mohs 9blue, yellow, pink
Sherry Topazuncommongemstone · Mohs 8yellow-brown, golden-brown, orange-brown
Sleeping Beauty Turquoiseraregemstone · Mohs 5-6sky blue, robins egg blue
Spessartine Garnetuncommongemstone · Mohs 6.5-7.5orange, red-orange, yellow-orange
Spheneuncommongemstone · Mohs 5-5.5yellow, green, brown
Star Rubyraregemstone · Mohs 9red, purplish-red, pinkish-red
Star Sapphireraregemstone · Mohs 9blue, gray, violet
Sunstoneuncommongemstone · Mohs 6-6.5orange, red, gold
Tanzaniteraregemstone · Mohs 6.5-7blue, violet, purple
Watermelon Tourmalineuncommongemstone · Mohs 7-7.5pink, green, white
Welo Opaluncommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5white, yellow, orange- No imageWhite Opalcommongemstone · Mohs 5.5-6.5white, cream, off-white
- No imageWhite Sapphirecommongemstone · Mohs 9white, colorless
White Star Corundumuncommongemstone · Mohs 9white, colorless- No imageYellow Apatiteuncommongemstone · Mohs 5yellow, golden yellow, honey yellow
- No imageYellow Beryluncommongemstone · Mohs 7.5-8yellow, golden yellow, greenish yellow
Yellow Sapphireuncommongemstone · Mohs 9yellow, golden, canary
